Sound and Light

Science

A lens with a center thinner than its edges

Concave lens

A lens with a center thinner than its edges. Concave lens. A concave lens is a type of lens that spreads out light rays, making objects appear smaller.

A lens with a center thicker than its edges

Convex lens

A lens with a center thicker than its edges. Convex lens. A convex lens bends light rays inward to focus them at a point, making objects look larger.

The number of cycles or vibrations per second, measured in hertz (Hz)

Frequency

The number of cycles or vibrations per second, measured in hertz Hz, is frequency. Frequency is how often something happens over a specific period of time, like sound waves or light waves.

A material that does not let any light pass through

Opaque

A material that does not let any light pass through. Opaque. In simple terms, "opaque" means you cannot see through it because it blocks all light.

How high or low a sound is, as determined by its frequency

Pitch

How high or low a sound is, as determined by its frequency. Pitch. Pitch is how we perceive the highness or lowness of a sound based on its frequency.

The bouncing of light, sound, or heat waves off a surface

Reflection

The bouncing of light, sound, or heat waves off a surface. Reflection. In simple terms, reflection is when waves hit a surface and bounce back.

The bending of light when it passes from one substance into another

Refraction

The bending of light when it passes from one substance into another. Refraction. Refraction is the change in direction of light as it moves between different materials, like air and water.

The loudness or softness of sound

Sound volume

The loudness or softness of sound. Sound volume. Sound volume is the measure of how loud or soft a sound is perceived by the human ear, influenced by the sound wave's amplitude.

Allows some light to pass through but scatters it

Translucent

Allows some light to pass through but scatters it. Translucent. Translucent materials let some light through but scatter it so objects on the other side aren't clear.

Allows light to pass through

Transparent

Allows light to pass through. Transparent. Something that is transparent lets light pass through so you can clearly see whats on the other side.

The rapid back-and-forth movement of matter

Vibration

The rapid back-and-forth movement of matter. Vibration. Vibration is when something moves quickly in small movements back and forth or up and down.