Plant Reproduction and Diversity

Science

A life cycle where generations alternate between haploid (n) and diploid (2n)

Alternation of generation

A life cycle where generations alternate between haploid n and diploid 2n. Alternation of generation. In this process, the life cycle of an organism alternates between a haploid phase, which has one set of chromosomes, and a diploid phase, which has two sets of chromosomes.

The pollen-producing structure of a flower’s stamen

Anther

The pollen-producing structure of a flowers stamen anther. The anther is the part of a flower that makes and releases pollen, which helps in plant reproduction.

A plant hormone that that stimulates cell elongation

Auxin

A plant hormone that that stimulates cell elongation. Auxin. Auxin is a natural plant substance that helps plants grow by making their cells stretch longer.

The ovary, style, and stigma in flowering plants, it produces female gametophytes

Carpel

The ovary, style, and stigma in flowering plants, it produces female gametophytes carpel. The carpel is the female part of a flower that includes the ovary, stigma, and style, and is responsible for producing seeds.

A plant hormone that stimulates cell division to grow roots, fruits, and branches

Cytokinin

A plant hormone that stimulates cell division to grow roots, fruits, and branches. Cytokinin. Cytokinin is a substance in plants that helps cells divide and grow, influencing the development of roots, fruits, and branches.

A period where an organism is alive but inactive and does not grow

Dormancy

A period where an organism is alive but inactive and does not grow. Dormancy. In simple terms, dormancy is when an organism temporarily pauses its growth and activity to survive unfavorable conditions.

Fertilization in angiosperms, which produces a diploid zygote and triploid endosperm

Double fertilization

Fertilization in angiosperms, which produces a diploid zygote and triploid endosperm, double fertilization. Double fertilization is when one sperm cell fertilizes the egg to form a zygote and the other combines with two nuclei to form the nutrient-rich endosperm.

Food-rich tissue that nourishes an angiosperm embryo as it grows

Endosperm

Food-rich tissue that nourishes an angiosperm embryo as it grows. Endosperm. It provides nutrients to the developing seed in flowering plants.

A gaseous plant hormone that ripens fruit

Ethylene

A gaseous plant hormone that ripens fruit. Ethylene. Ethylene is a natural gas that acts like a hormone in plants, helping fruits to ripen and flowers to bloom.

A plant hormone that stimulates cell growth

Gibberellin

A plant hormone that stimulates cell growth. Gibberellin. Gibberellin is a natural chemical in plants that helps them grow taller and produce flowers and seeds.

The growth of plants caused by gravity, stems grow upwards and roots grow downwards

Gravitropism

The growth of plants caused by gravity, stems grow upwards and roots grow downwards. Gravitropism is how plants sense gravity to direct their growth.

A chemical produced in the body that affects the development of target cells

Hormone

A chemical produced in the body that affects the development of target cells. Hormone. Hormones are substances that send messages throughout the body to help regulate functions like growth, mood, and metabolism.

A plant that flowers when the days are long (over 12-14 hours of light)

Long day plant

A plant that flowers when the days are long over 12-14 hours of light. Long day plant. Long day plants require more daylight to initiate blooming.

The lower part of a pistil that produces seeds in ovules

Ovary

The lower part of a pistil that produces seeds in ovules. Ovary. In plants, the ovary is the part of the flower that houses and protects the ovules and eventually develops into fruit containing seeds.

Colored leaf-like part of a flower

Petal

Colored leaf-like part of a flower. Petal. A petal is a bright and attractive part of a flower that helps attract pollinators such as bees and butterflies.

A plant’s response to changes in the length of day and night

Photoperiodism

A plants response to changes in the length of day and night. Photoperiodism. It is how plants know when to flower or grow based on how much light they get each day.

The growth of a plant towards a light source

Phototropism

The growth of a plant towards a light source. Phototropism. Phototropism is when plants grow in the direction of light to maximize their ability to photosynthesize.

The female reproductive organ of a flower

Pistil

The female reproductive organ of a flower. Pistil. The pistil is the part of a flower that includes the ovary, style, and stigma, which together help in reproduction by receiving pollen and developing seeds.

The tough protective tissue around a plant embryo that keeps it from drying out

Seed coat

The tough protective tissue around a plant embryo that keeps it from drying out is called a seed coat. The seed coat is like a shield that protects the young plant until conditions are right for it to grow.

A leaf like structure below the petals, it protects the flower when it is a bud

Sepal

A leaf-like structure below the petals, it protects the flower when it is a bud. Sepal. The sepal is a part of the flower that shields and supports the developing bud.

A plant that requires more than 12 hours of darkness to flower

Short day plant

A plant that requires more than 12 hours of darkness to flower. Short day plant. A short day plant is a plant that flowers when it gets more hours of darkness than light.

The male reproductive part of a flower

Stamen

The male reproductive part of a flower. Stamen. The stamen is the part of a flower that produces pollen.

The response of a plant when it touches an object, like a vine coiling around a pole

Thigmotropism

The response of a plant when it touches an object, like a vine coiling around a pole. Thigmotropism. Thigmotropism is when plants grow or move in response to touch or physical contact with an object.

A change in a plant’s growth in response to external factors, like growing towards the light

Tropism

A change in a plants growth in response to external factors, like growing towards the light. Tropism. Tropism is the way plants grow or move in response to environmental signals, such as light or gravity.