The Golden Age

History

A king of the Macedon and one of history's most successful military commanders

Alexander the Great

A king of the Macedon and one of history's most successful military commanders. Alexander the Great. He was a ruler who created one of the largest empires in ancient history through his conquests.

One of the greatest cities of the Hellenistic world, founded by Alexander the Great

Alexandria

One of the greatest cities of the Hellenistic world, founded by Alexander the Great Alexandria. Alexandria was a major center of learning and culture in ancient Egypt.

A Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, inventor, and astronomer

Archimedes

A Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, inventor, and astronomer. Archimedes. Archimedes was an ancient Greek genius known for his contributions to mathematics and inventions like the Archimedes screw.

A city in Greece, one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world

Argos

A city in Greece, one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. Argos. Argos is an ancient city known for its historical significance in Greek mythology and as a powerful city-state in ancient Greece.

A Greek astronomer who presented the first known heliocentric model

Aristarchus

A Greek astronomer who presented the first known heliocentric model. Aristarchus. Aristarchus was the first to propose that the Earth orbits around the Sun.

A comedy-writer of ancient Athens and a poet of Old Attic Comedy

Aristophanes

A comedy-writer of ancient Athens and a poet of Old Attic Comedy. Aristophanes. Aristophanes was a famous ancient Greek playwright known for his comedic plays that often satirized society and politics.

A Greek philosopher and polymath, student of Plato

Aristotle

A Greek philosopher and polymath, student of Plato. Aristotle. He was an ancient thinker who influenced Western science and philosophy.

A large peninsula in West Asia

Asia Minor

A large peninsula in West Asia. Asia Minor. Asia Minor, also known as Anatolia, is a historic region that forms the majority of modern-day Turkey, which was home to ancient civilizations like the Hittites and Byzantines.

One of the most powerful cities in ancient times, a centre for the arts and philosophy

Athens

One of the most powerful cities in ancient times, a centre for the arts and philosophy. Athens was a city-state in ancient Greece known for its influential role in politics, philosophy, and culture.

A capital city of the ancient Babylonian empire

Babylon

A capital city of the ancient Babylonian empire. Babylon. Babylon was a major city in ancient Mesopotamia, known for its impressive architecture and cultural advancements.

An Athenian lawgiver credited with reforming the constitution of ancient Athens

Cleisthenes

An Athenian lawgiver credited with reforming the constitution of ancient Athens. Cleisthenes. Cleisthenes is known as the "Father of Athenian Democracy" for reorganizing the political structure, giving more power to the people.

An entertainment with generally funny content

Comedy

An entertainment with generally funny content. Comedy. Throughout history, comedy has been a form of storytelling that uses humor to entertain and sometimes provoke thought.

A city-state in Ancient Greece, which was a commercial center

Corinth

A city-state in Ancient Greece, which was a commercial center. Corinth. Corinth was a thriving hub of trade and commerce in ancient times, known for its strategic location and wealth.

A political leader who gains popularity by arousing the common people against elites

Demagogue

A political leader who gains popularity by arousing the common people against elites. Demagogue. In history, a demagogue is a leader who uses emotional appeals and often deceptive tactics to manipulate public opinion and gain power.

An Ancient Greek philosopher known formulation of an atomic theory of the universe

Democritus

An Ancient Greek philosopher known formulation of an atomic theory of the universe. Democritus. Democritus was an early Greek thinker who proposed that everything is made up of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms.

A form of government, where one person has all the power to run a country

Dictatorship

A form of government, where one person has all the power to run a country. Dictatorship is when a single leader has total control over the government.

A body of people convened to render an impartial verdict or to set a penalty or judgment

Direct democracy

A body of people convened to render an impartial verdict or to set a penalty or judgment. Direct democracy. Direct democracy is a system where citizens directly participate in decision-making, as seen in ancient Athens.

A country in northeast Africa, which is considered as a cradle of civilisation

Egypt

A country in northeast Africa, which is considered as a cradle of civilisation. Egypt. It is an ancient nation known for its pyramids and pharaohs.

A Greek mathematician, geographer and astronomer

Eratosthenes

A Greek mathematician, geographer and astronomer. Eratosthenes. He is best known for calculating the Earth's circumference with remarkable accuracy in ancient times.

A Greek mathematician, often referred to as the founder of geometry

Euclid

A Greek mathematician, often referred to as the founder of geometry. Euclid wrote "Elements," a fundamental work in mathematics that organized previous knowledge into a comprehensive system.

A period in Greece between the death of Alexander the Great and the emergence of the Roman Empire

Hellenistic Age

A period in Greece between the death of Alexander the Great and the emergence of the Roman Empire. Hellenistic Age. The Hellenistic Age was when Greek culture spread widely across the Middle East and parts of Asia after Alexander's conquests.

An ancient Greek historian often referred to as ‘The Father of History’

Herodotus

An ancient Greek historian often referred to as 'The Father of History'. Herodotus. He is known for documenting historical events and cultures in his work "The Histories."

An ancient Greek poet credited with establishing Greek religious customs

Hesiod

An ancient Greek poet credited with establishing Greek religious customs. Hesiod. Hesiod is a key historical figure because he wrote some of the earliest works on Greek mythology and farming, shaping Greek culture and beliefs.

A physician, one of the most outstanding figures in the history of medicine

Hippocrates

A physician, one of the most outstanding figures in the history of medicine. Hippocrates. He is often called the "Father of Medicine" because he established principles that form the foundation of modern medical practice.

The legendary author of the two epic poems the Iliad and the Odyssey

Homer

The legendary author of the two epic poems the Iliad and the Odyssey. Homer. Homer is an ancient Greek poet whose works are foundational to Western literature.

A Hellenistic Neoplatonist philosopher, astronomer, and mathematician

Hypatia

A Hellenistic Neoplatonist philosopher, astronomer, and mathematician. Hypatia. She was a renowned scholar and teacher in ancient Alexandria and is often considered one of the first female mathematicians in history.

An ancient kingdom on the periphery of Classical Greece, and later the dominant state of Hellenistic Greece

Macedonia

An ancient kingdom on the periphery of Classical Greece, and later the dominant state of Hellenistic Greece. Macedonia. Macedonia was the birthplace of Alexander the Great, who created one of the largest empires in ancient history.

A legend of Philippides who ran 42 km to Athens to claim victory in the Battle of Marathon

Marathon

A legend of Philippides who ran 42 km to Athens to claim victory in the Battle of Marathon. Marathon. In ancient history, Marathon is a battlefield in Greece where the Athenians won against the Persians in 490 BC.

An individual who takes part in military conflict for personal profit

Mercenary

An individual who takes part in military conflict for personal profit. Mercenary. In history, a mercenary is a soldier hired to fight for a foreign army or political group in exchange for money.

A Greek statesman and general of Athens during its golden age

Pericles

A Greek statesman and general of Athens during its golden age. Pericles. He was a key leader who helped develop democracy and strengthen the Athenian empire.

A country in Western Asia which was home to one of the world's oldest civilizations

Persia

A country in Western Asia which was home to one of the world's oldest civilizations. Persia. Persia was an ancient empire known for its rich culture and was centered in modern-day Iran.

A king of the Macedon and father of Alexander the Great

Philip II

A king of the Macedon and father of Alexander the Great. Philip II. He was a ruler who united most of Greece under Macedonian control.

Athenian philosopher and founder of the Platonist school of thought

Plato

Athenian philosopher and founder of the Platonist school of thought. Plato. Plato was an ancient Greek thinker who explored ideas about reality, knowledge, and society.

An ancient Greek mathematician and philosopher

Pythagoras

An ancient Greek mathematician and philosopher. Pythagoras was a key figure in developing mathematical theories and contributed significantly to the fields of mathematics and philosophy.

A form of democracy in which people elect representatives

Representative democracy

A form of democracy in which people elect representatives. Representative democracy. It is a system where citizens vote to choose leaders who make decisions on their behalf.

A place where naval battle was fought between Greek city-states and the Persian Empire

Salamis

A place where naval battle was fought between Greek city-states and the Persian Empire. Salamis. Salamis is an island where a major naval battle occurred in 480 BC, marking a crucial Greek victory over Persia.

The capital of the ancient kingdom of Lydia, located in western Asia Minor

Sardis

The capital of the ancient kingdom of Lydia, located in western Asia Minor. Sardis. Sardis was an ancient city known for its riches and was the capital of Lydia.

A classical Greek philosopher credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy

Socrates

A classical Greek philosopher credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy. Socrates. Socrates was an ancient Greek thinker known for his method of asking questions to explore ideas and stimulate critical thinking.

One of three ancient Greek tragedians whose plays have survived

Sophocles

One of three ancient Greek tragedians whose plays have survived. Sophocles. Sophocles was a famous ancient Greek playwright known for his tragic plays.

A prominent city-state in ancient Greece known for dominant military power

Sparta

A prominent city-state in ancient Greece known for dominant military power. Sparta. Sparta was a powerful city-state famous for its highly trained soldiers and military strength.

The capital of the Boeotian confederacy and major rival of ancient Athens

Thebes

The capital of the Boeotian confederacy and major rival of ancient Athens. Thebes. Thebes is an ancient Greek city known for its military strength and famous stories like the legend of Oedipus.

A place where battle was fought between the Greek forces and the Persian forces

Thermopylae

A place where battle was fought between the Greek forces and the Persian forces. Thermopylae. Thermopylae is a historical site in Greece known for the famous battle where a small Greek army, led by King Leonidas, defended against a much larger Persian force.

Athenian historian, dubbed as the father of scientific history

Thucydides

Athenian historian, dubbed as the father of scientific history. Thucydides. Thucydides is a historian who wrote about the Peloponnesian War using a method focused on factual accuracy and critical analysis.

A form of drama based on human suffering

Tragedy

A form of drama based on human suffering tragedy. In History, tragedy often refers to disastrous events or periods marked by suffering, loss, and misfortune for people or societies.

The power to unilaterally stop an official action

Veto

The power to unilaterally stop an official action. Veto. In history, a veto is a constitutional right used by a leader or governing body to reject a decision or proposal made by a law-making assembly.

The fourth King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire and son of Darius the Great

Xerxes

The fourth King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire and son of Darius the Great. Xerxes. He was a Persian king known for his massive invasion of Greece in 480 BC.