Reconstruction 1860-1880

History

The 17th president of the United States (1865 - 1869)

Andrew Johnson

The 17th president of the United States 1865 - 1869. Andrew Johnson. Andrew Johnson was the president who took office after Abraham Lincoln was assassinated.

Laws governing the conduct of free and freed African Americans

Black Codes

Laws governing the conduct of free and freed African Americans. Black Codes. Black Codes were laws in the United States after the Civil War that restricted the freedom and rights of African Americans.

The first U. S. federal law to affirm that all citizens are equally protected by the law

Civil Rights Act of 1866

The first U.S. federal law to affirm that all citizens are equally protected by the law. Civil Rights Act of 1866. This law declared that all people born in the United States were citizens with equal rights, regardless of race.

An unwritten deal by which U. S. government pulled the last troops out of the South

Compromise of 1877

An unwritten deal by which U.S. government pulled the last troops out of the South. Compromise of 1877. It marked the end of Reconstruction by withdrawing federal troops from the Southern states, allowing the Democrats to regain political control.

Bills that protected African Americans’ right to vote, to serve on juries, and receive equal protection of laws

Enforcement Acts

Bills that protected African Americans right to vote, to serve on juries, and receive equal protection of laws. Enforcement Acts. The Enforcement Acts were laws passed in the early 1870s to combat the Ku Klux Klan and ensure African Americans' rights under the 14th and 15th Amendments.

Prohibits the government from denying a citizen the right to vote based on race or color

Fifteenth Amendment

Prohibits the government from denying a citizen the right to vote based on race or color. Fifteenth Amendment. The Fifteenth Amendment is a historic law that granted African American men the right to vote in the United States.

Addresses citizenship rights and equal protection under the law

Fourteenth Amendment

Addresses citizenship rights and equal protection under the law. Fourteenth Amendment. The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution guarantees equal protection and citizenship rights, ensuring everyone is treated fairly under the law regardless of race or background.

An agency of the US that helped freedmen (former slaves) after the Civil War

Freedmens Bureau

An agency of the US that helped freedmen former slaves after the Civil War. Freedmen's Bureau. It was established to assist former slaves in the South by providing food, housing, education, and legal support.

The first African American to serve in Congress

Hiram Revels

The first African American to serve in Congress Hiram Revels. Hiram Revels was a pioneering politician who became the first black U.S. Senator during Reconstruction.

The process by which a legislative body levels charges against a government official

Impeachment

The process by which a legislative body levels charges against a government official is called impeachment. Impeachment is when a government official is accused of wrongdoing and can be removed from office if proven guilty.

Laws that enforced racial segregation in Southern states

Jim Crow laws

Laws that enforced racial segregation in Southern states. Jim Crow laws. Jim Crow laws were rules that separated Black and white people in everyday life, particularly in the Southern United States, mainly after the Civil War.

A white supremacist hate group, whose primary target was African Americans

Ku Klux Klan

The Ku Klux Klan is a white supremacist hate group, whose primary target was African Americans. It is a racist organization in U.S. history known for promoting hate and violence against minorities.

Upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation as long as the facilities were equal in quality

Plessy v Ferguson

Upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation as long as the facilities were equal in quality. Plessy v Ferguson established the "separate but equal" doctrine, allowing racial segregation in public facilities.

A tax levied as a fixed sum on every liable individual

Poll tax

A tax levied as a fixed sum on every liable individual. Poll tax. Historically, a poll tax was used as a voting prerequisite, often disenfranchising poorer citizens.

Was a faction of Republicans with the goal of complete and permanent eradication of slavery

Radical Republicans

Was a faction of Republicans with the goal of complete and permanent eradication of slavery. Radical Republicans. They were a group during the Civil War and Reconstruction who advocated for the immediate abolition of slavery and equal rights for Black Americans.

The period following the Civil War of rebuilding

Reconstruction

The period following the Civil War of rebuilding. Reconstruction. Reconstruction was the time when the United States worked to rebuild the South and integrate formerly enslaved people into society.

A statutes that required Southern States to be readmitted to the Union

Reconstruction Acts

A statutes that required Southern States to be readmitted to the Union. Reconstruction Acts. The Reconstruction Acts were laws passed after the Civil War to help rebuild the South and ensure rights for former slaves.

Separation of people into racial or other ethnic groups in daily life

Segregation

Separation of people into racial or other ethnic groups in daily life. Segregation. In history, segregation refers to the enforced separation of different racial groups in a community, often leading to unequal treatment and opportunities.

Where a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops

Sharecropping

Where a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops. Sharecropping. Sharecropping is a farming system where tenants work land owned by someone else in exchange for a portion of the crops they grow.

Abraham Lincoln's offer for reintegration of Southern states into the Union

Ten Percent Plan

Abraham Lincoln's offer for reintegration of Southern states into the Union. Ten Percent Plan. The Ten Percent Plan was Lincoln's proposal that allowed a Southern state to be reintegrated into the Union once 10 of its voters swore an oath of allegiance.

An amendment that abolished slavery and involuntary servitude

Thirteenth Amendment

An amendment that abolished slavery and involuntary servitude. Thirteenth Amendment. The Thirteenth Amendment is a historical change to the U.S. Constitution that officially ended slavery in 1865.